The Gulag Archipelago
1 2021-09-14T21:40:46+00:00 Alice McGrath b7aea6f9eb931a0b52c3f000b791e5f42278a98f 1 6 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn plain 2021-12-17T19:20:19+00:00 Swarthmore Russian 037 1967 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn 51.726177,75.327438 José Vergara 9d7e6dfed9d57006cb53f94a7107fbf1500f2da2Page
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title | dcterms:title | The Gulag Archipelago |
description | dcterms:description | Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn |
content | sioc:content | The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary Investigation PLOT SUMMARY: The Gulag Archipelago is an account of life in the gulag to which Solzhenitsyn himself and various other prisoners contribute with stories. It focuses on the horrors of the gulag system. ANALYSIS: Solzhenitsyn sets The Gulag Archipelago apart from other gulag memoirs by focusing on the psychological aspects of not just imprisonment, but everything that goes on before it, like arrest and interrogation. He creates an atmosphere of foreboding when he describes arrest and interrogation, which is fitting given their aftermath. Solzhenitsyn also makes some startling claims, such as suggesting that the Russian people deserved the horror of Stalin’s reign because of their lack of resistance and that being imprisoned actually helped him (Solzhenitsyn) in a way. These claims would be a precursor to perhaps his most controversial moment when he came to the United States and disparaged Western culture. KEY QUOTATIONS: “Yes, resistance should have begun right there, at the moment of the arrest itself.” (15) “Stalin…would rather 999 innocent men should rot than miss one genuine spy.” (247) “Yes, indeed, all this is Russia: the prisoners on the tracks refusing to voice their complaints, the girl on the other side of the Stolypin partition, the convoy going off to sleep, pears falling out of pockets, buried bombs, and a horse climbing to the second floor.” (522) BIOGRAPHY: Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was born in Kislovodsk, Russia on December 11, 1918 as the son of an Imperial Russian artillery officer. He was educated at Rostov-on-Don and studied mathematics, physics and literature. Solzhenitsyn served in the Red Army from 1941 to 1945 as a twice decorated captain of artillery and was arrested in East Prussia near the end of World War Two in 1945. He was exiled and sentenced to eight years in labor and prison camps for “anti-Soviet agitation,” i.e., for criticizing the Soviet government. Solzhenitsyn served in gulag camps near Moscow and in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan, from 1945 to 1953 and then in the South Kazakh village of Kok-Terek from 1953 to 1956. Solzhenitsyn almost died of cancer in prison but was treated in Tashkent in 1954 and 1955. He was freed and “rehabilitated,” i.e. exonerated, in 1956 following Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin in the Secret Speech. Solzhenitsyn released The Gulag Archipelago in 1974 and, although it was not published in the Soviet Union, it caused his deportation to Frankfurt, West Germany. He moved to Zurich, Switzerland in 1974 and then to Cavendish, Vermont in the United States in 1976, where he stayed until he returned to Russia in 1994. Solzhenitsyn’s Soviet citizenship, which was revoked in 1974, was restored under Gorbachev’s more liberal regime in 1989 and the treason charges against him were dropped in 1991. Solzhenitsyn died near Moscow on August 6, 2008. Bibliography Cornwell, Neil. Reference Guide to Russian Literature (1998): Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr: 769-770. Stone, Jonathan. Historical Dictionary of Russian Literature (2013): Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr: 161-163. FURTHER READING Toker, Leona. “Gulag Memoirs as a Genre.” Return from the Archipelago: Narratives of Gulag Survivors, Indiana University Press, 2000, pp. 73–100. Garrard, J. G. “Things Left Unsaid: Solzhenitsyn's ‘Gulag Archipelago.’” Books Abroad, vol. 49, no. 2, 1975, pp. 244–248. |
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type | rdf:type | http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version |
contributor | dcterms:contributor | Swarthmore Russian 037 |
temporal | dcterms:temporal | 1967 |
creator | dcterms:creator | Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn |
spatial | dcterms:spatial | 51.726177,75.327438 |
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